Multan, a historic city in Pakistan's Punjab province, has a rich and diverse history that spans thousands of years. Known as the "City of Saints," Multan is one of the oldest cities in South Asia. Here are key highlights of its history:
Ancient Period
Prehistoric Era: Evidence suggests human settlements in Multan as far back as the 6th millennium BCE.
Hindu Mythology : The city is often associated with the Hindu deity Prahlada and is said to have been founded by his father, Hiranyakashipu.
Early Historical Period
Achaemenid Empire: Multan was part of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BCE.
Alexander the Great: The city was invaded by Alexander the Great in 326 BCE during his campaign in the region.
Buddhist Period
Mauryan Empire: After Alexander's conquest, the city became part of the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka, who promoted Buddhism.
- **Gupta Empire**: Multan later came under the control of the Gupta Empire, which also supported Buddhism and Hinduism.
Islamic Conquest
Umayyad Caliphate: In 712 CE, Multan was conquered by the Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim, marking the beginning of Islamic influence in the region.
Medieval Period: The city became a significant center of trade and Sufism, with many saints and scholars settling here.
Medieval and Mughal Period
Ghaznavid and Ghurid Dynasties: Multan was ruled by various dynasties, including the Ghaznavids and Ghurids.
Delhi Sultanate: In the 13th century, it came under the control of the Delhi Sultanate.
- **Mughal Empire**: In the 16th century, Multan became part of the Mughal Empire, flourishing as a center of culture and learning.
Sikh and British Period
Sikh Empire: In the early 19th century, Multan was annexed by the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
British Rule: The British took control of the city in 1849, and it became part of British India.
Post-Independence
Pakistan: After the partition of India in 1947, Multan became part of the newly formed state of Pakistan. Today, it is a major cultural and economic center in Pakistan.
Cultural and Historical Significance
Sufi Heritage: Multan is renowned for its Sufi shrines, including those of Bahauddin Zakariya, Shah Rukn-e-Alam, and Shams Tabrizi.
Architecture: The city boasts impressive historical architecture, including forts, mosques, and mausoleums that reflect its rich cultural heritage.
Multan's long history of various cultural, religious, and political influences makes it a unique and significant city in South Asia's historical tapestry.
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